Side-Scan Sonar Characteristics and Manganese Nodule Abundance in the Clarion—Clipperton Fracture Zones, NE Equatorial Pacific     

Sang Hoon Lee  Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2004,22(1):103-114

The deep ocean floor between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones (NE equatorial Pacific) has the highest known manganese nodule abundance in the world oceans. A detailed analysis of MR1 (Mapping Researcher 1, 11-12 kHz) sonar images and free-fall grab data in the Korean manganese nodule field areas reveals a close relationship between side-scan sonar characteristics of the seafloor and manganese nodule abundance. Eight sonar facies are identified based on back-scattering intensity and distribution patterns. These sonar facies can be interpreted as (1) volcanic seamounts (facies I-1), (2) bounding faults of abyssal hills (facies I-2 and II-1), (3) lava flows or volcanoclastic mass-flow deposits around the volcanic seamounts (facies I-3 and II-2), (4) crests of abyssal hills (facies II-1), (5) abyssal troughs between abyssal hills (facies III-1), (6) relatively flat areas (facies II-3 and III-2). In the areas where facies II-1 (abyssal hill crests with thin sediment cover) and II-3 (relatively flat areas draped by thin sediments) are dominant, manganese nodules occur abundantly. In contrast, zones comprising facies III-1 (abyssal troughs with thick sediment cover) and III-2 (relatively flat areas covered by thick sediments) are characterized by low abundance of manganese nodules. This relationship between distribution of sonar facies and manganese nodule abundance implies that (1) the qualitative difference in acoustic reflectivity of long-range side-scan sonar with some ground truth data is useful for regional assessment of manganese nodule occurrence over wide areas in a reasonable time, and (2) seafloor topography and sediment thickness are important controlling factors for regional occurrences of manganese nodules.  相似文献   

负热电离质谱法测定黄土钙结核酸溶相硼同位素     

刘卫国  彭子成  肖应凯  宁有丰  安芷生 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(3):109-112

黄土沉积中生物成因的钙结核是在古土壤的发育阶段由上层的碳酸盐淋滤并在古土壤的下部形成的次生碳酸盐。探讨了黄土钙结核硼同位素样品的处理方法，并利用负热电离质谱法（NTIMS）测定低含量黄土钙结核中同位素组成，实验表明采用稀盐酸溶解样品、硼特效树脂分离提取样品中的硼是适宜的。黄土钙结核酸溶相的硼含量变化范围为3．4－5．7μg/g，δ^11B值变化为－3．3‰－＋16．9‰。硼含量和硼同位素组成有正相关关系。黄土和钙结核之间硼同位素组成有较大的差异，其原因可能与钙结核中更高的碳酸钙含量及水体的pH值有关，黄土钙结核酸溶相中的硼同位素组成的初步结果表明其示踪黄土沉积环境的可能性。  相似文献   

锰结核生长的古海洋环境与事件     

许东禹  姚德 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(2):1-11

本文通过东太平洋海盆、中太平洋海盆锰结核、云南东南部土壤锰结核及原生沉积锰矿特征及形成环境的对比研究,表明:(1)海洋水深,地形、生物生产力与水—沉积物界面的Eh、pH值等是控制锰结核物质成份、生长速率及分布格局的重要因素,(2)南极底层流和深海沉积间断的形成发展是造成锰结核生长间断的关键,(3)新生代低海平面时期可能是锰结核生成的重要时期。  相似文献   

中国海域固体矿产资源分布及其区划——砂矿资源和铁锰(微)结核-结壳   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陈忠  杨慧宁  颜文  吴必豪  陈木宏  杨华平 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(5):101-108

综述和研究了我国海域砂矿资源和(微)结核—结壳的分布及其区划。我国的滨海砂矿广泛分布于渤海、黄海、东海和南海,但各省区的砂矿资源分布不同。近年来在我国海域新发现和圈定了多处砂矿品位异常区和矿物高含量区,可分为3个成矿带和24个成矿远景区,资源储量可观。在黄海、东海仅分布铁锰结核,没有发现铁锰结壳,但它们的金属元素含量低,没有潜在资源意义。南海东北陆坡、中央海盆西部和中部是(微)结核、结壳分布较多的区域。南海东北陆坡、海山及其周缘坡脚处的(微)结核、结壳其稀土元素含量较高,可能具有一定的潜在经济价值,今后调查中应引起重视。  相似文献   

Fine-scale chemostratigraphy of cross-sectioned hydrogenous ferromanganese nodules from the western North Pacific     

Shiki Machida  Kentaro Nakamura  Tetsu Kogiso  Ryo Shimomura  Koichi Horinouchi  Kyoko Okino  Yasuhiro Kato 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12395

A broad area densely covered by ferromanganese nodules was recently discovered around Minamitorishima (Marcus) Island, representing a high-potential metal resource, particularly for Co, Ni, Mo, and W. We studied 16 nodule samples from nodule fields around Minamitorishima Island. To define the fine-scale chemostratigraphy of the nodules, polished cross-sections of the samples were analyzed by microfocus X-ray fluorescence. Our results show that a general pattern of compositional variation was common throughout the growth history of the nodules in all the regions we studied. Chemical mapping clarified changes in the chemical signature and proportion of five lithological components throughout the growth history: Mn represented columnar δ-MnO₂; Fe represented layered amorphous FeOOH*xH₂O; Ti represented TiO₂*2H₂O intergrown with an amorphous FeOOH phase; P, Ca and Y represented particles of biogenic calcium phosphate; and Si, Al, K, Cu, and Ni represented pelagic sediment infills. We proposed a method for a creating a multi-dimensional compositional map of the fine-scale chemostratigraphy observed in the ferromanganese oxide layers on the basis of merging the mapped Mn, Fe, Ti, P, Si and Cu intensities. Multi-dimensional compositional mapping of the sampled nodules from the western North Pacific revealed two fundamental findings: (1) previously recognized first-order Fe–Mn layers, L0, L1, and L2, were further divided into two, three, and four sublayers, respectively, and (2) a delayed supply of material to be nuclei of nodule or a growth hiatus of Fe–Mn layer(s), leading to missing sublayers in the layers L0 and L2, regulated the nodule size. In contrast, layer L1, which does not have any missing sublayers, was commonly observed in the samples for this study and has been reported in studies of other regions in the western Pacific. We propose, therefore, that the layer L1 is a key facies for examining chemostratigraphic correlations with other areas of seafloor.  相似文献   

西太平洋多金属结核区表层沉积物细菌群落结构及其对沉积扰动的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王苑如  崔鸿鹏  李继东  孙栋  王春生  杨娟 《海洋学研究》2021,39(2):21-32

本文基于大洋第48航次在西太平洋马尔库斯 威克海山多金属结核区采集的6个表层沉积物样品的高通量测序结果,开展底栖细菌群落结构调查,共获得253012条序列,分属于41个门、85个纲、189个目、261个科和322个属。其中,变形菌纲(Proteobacteria)为优势类群,分为γ 、α 和δ 三个亚群,分别占总序列条数的24.76%、20.21%和6.48%。绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)及硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)等类群的序列数和属种较丰富。对序列条数大于1%的OTU(operational taxonomic units)分析,共获得优势菌群23个目,包含6个优势科,10个优势属,其中,铁锰功能细菌占10.20%,主要来自交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)(6.90%)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)(1.80%)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)(1.00%)等,另外还存在参与氮和硫元素循环的种属。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示结核区细菌主要涉及信号转导、蛋白转运、原核生物固碳、群体感应、能量转换、氨基酸和嘧啶代谢等功能。BC1826站位与其他站位相比,细菌多样性较低。结合沉积柱粒度分析结果,推测BC1826站位微生物群落结构的差异与沉积扰动有关,两者具有一定的响应关系。与已有研究成果汇总对比发现,西太平洋结核区与东太平洋结核区的细菌群落组成结构有较大差异。  相似文献   

Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Peru Basin - Ecological and Taxonomic Remarks Based on Underwater Images     

Hartmut Bluhm  &Andrej Gebruk 《Marine Ecology》1999,20(2):167-195

The megabenthos plays an important role in the abyssal ecosystem. The holothuroids have been proposed as indicators of physical disturbance of the seabed caused, for example, by commercial deep-sea mining of manganese nodules. Environmental studies at seabed mining claims have resulted in numerous still photographs that provide an overview of the megabenthos in manganese nodule fields. Data from these investigations and from the large-scale disturbance and recolonization experiment DISCOL have been used to summarize knowledge of the taxonomy and ecology of holothurians at manganese nodule sites.  相似文献   

太平洋多金属结核中铁锰矿物分析及成因研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

陈建林  沈华悌  韩喜球  马维林  王英 《海洋学报》1999,21(2):56-64

铁锰矿物是大详多金属结核的重要组成,了解不同类型结核中主要铁锰矿物种类、形态、分布特点和结晶程度等,不仅有助于对锰矿物乃至多金属结核成因的研究,而且对选矿冶炼和资源的综合利用也具有现实意义.本文通过透射电子显微镜等多种手段综合分析与鉴定,指出多金属结核中主要铁锰矿物有钙锰矿、水羟锰矿、水钠锰矿、方锰矿、锰铁矿和针铁矿等.结晶程度普遍较差,钙锰矿结晶相对好于其他矿物,并在粗糙型结核中含量高,外层至核心含量稳定,变化小.水羟锰矿广为分布,但结晶差.铁矿物含量东区低于西区,结核外壳铁含量高于内核.锰矿物分布在叠层石柱体和纹层内,呈束状、纤维状和树枝状,与建造多金属结核的超微生物菌丝体形态一致.粗糙型结核是选冶的主要对象.  相似文献   

深海浅地层剖面特征及其与多金属结核富集度的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

华祖根 《海洋学研究》1999,(3)

对东太平洋 Ｃ Ｃ 区内 １ 万多公里的浅地层剖面探测资料进行了统计分析, 并对深海浅地层剖面特征及其与多金属结核丰度的关系作了研究, 结果表明： 多金属结核的富集度与海底声反射率呈正比关系, 影响和控制结核丰度的主要因素是海底地形。一般透明层愈厚, 结核愈富集, 但不是对应关系; 层状层或散射层发育, 则多金属结核富集, 反之则不富集  相似文献   

黄土碳酸盐的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈忠  马海州  曹广超  周笃珺  张西营  谭红兵  姚远 《盐湖研究》2006,14(4):66-72

黄土是过去气候变化研究的重要对象之一。黄土中的碳酸盐则是黄土研究的一个重要内容。黄土碳酸盐的研究涉及了对次生碳酸盐的辨识、碳酸盐的含量、碳酸盐中的碳氧同位素以及碳酸盐的Sr同位素及其它微量元素等内容。对前人在这几个方面的研究作一初步的归纳总结,包括次生碳酸盐的辨识和提取对解释古气候环境有重要意义;碳酸盐的含量可反映出黄土和古土壤之间的不同气候状况;根据碳酸盐中的碳氧同位素则能大体定量得到古温度以及古植被状况进而反映古降水情况;而Sr同位素及其它微量元素则能反映出当时的化学风化程度,指示季风的强弱变化。  相似文献